Human-type sialic acid receptors contribute to avian influenza A virus binding and entry by hetero-multivalent interactions

It is believed that human Influenza HA glycoprotein attaches to alpha2-6 linked sialic acids (SA) on cells, while avian viruses bind to alpha2-3 linked sialic acids, therewith contributing to host tropism.Here, Liu Electronic Boards et al.show that mixing low-affinity alpha2-3 SA with low amounts of high-affinity alpha2-6 SA increases binding and e

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Cost of copyright as a financial instrument

This article is devoted to a new financial instrument, like copyright.This financial instrument gradually captures world markets.Definitely, simple money is replaced by digital money with the de-velopment of information technology.The new instrument does not Whiteline have a centralized system of control and is protected from copyright, which may f

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